Energy storage plays a pivotal role in primary frequency regulation within electrical grids. enhances the efficiency of renewable energy sources, and 3. A reduced second-order model is developed based on aggregation theory to simplify the multi-machine system and facilitate time-domain frequency. . Energy storage has emerged as a crucial component in frequency regulation, providing a flexible and responsive resource to balance supply and demand. In this article, we will explore the role of energy storage in frequency regulation, the various energy storage technologies used, and the strategies. . To mitigate the system frequency fluctuations induced by the integration of a large amount of renewable energy sources into the grid, a novel ESS participation strategy for primary frequency regulation considering the State of Charge (SOC) is proposed.
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