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Wind-solar complementarity strongly depends on temporal scale. The anticipated greater penetration of the variable renewable energies wind and solar in the future energy mix could be facilitated by exploiting their complementarity, thereby improving the balance between energy supply and demand.
However, improvements in the exploitation of wind-solar complementarity must be accompanied by a massive improvement in the provision and use of energy storage systems. It is understood that different kinds of storage devices mitigate periods of low wind-solar availability .
Han et al. have proposed a complementarity evaluation method for wind, solar, and hydropower by examining independent and combined power generation fluctuation. Hydropower is the primary source, while wind and solar participation are changed in each scenario to improve power system operation.
The proposed approach enables a detailed differentiation of scales on which the complementary use of wind and solar is possible. The highest potential for complementarity within and between the analyzed regions was quantified at the seasonal scale.
Transport sector is the second-largest energy consumer (around 0.7 Mtoe) and the main driver in oil consumption growth. Renewables represent 20% of Moldova's energy mix, consisting almost fully of solid biofuels (19% in 2018). 6% of electricity generation comes from renewable sources (hydro, wind, solar PV).
As part of the reforms, Moldova restructured and partially privatized its electricity distribution network, including Premier Energy, a private company that controls 70 percent of the country's electric distribution grid.
Moldova shares energy data through five annual International Energy Agency (IEA)/Eurostat/UN Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) joint questionnaires.
The demand for electricity in the Republic of Moldova is expecting to grow at a steady rate of 2% annually, increasing in the both scenarios from about 3800 GWh today to 6900 GWh by 2050. In the reference scenario, natural gas will remain the major source of power generation through to 2050.
In their assessment of solar-wind complementarity in continental China, and using the Pearson correlation coefficient, Ren et al. found similar results to ours regarding the spatial distribution of synergy between these two VRES on a daily scale.
A further problem reducing the spatial coverage of studies, is a lack of uniform method applied in available studies. Therefore, this work contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing a first spatially comprehensive analysis of solar and wind energy complementarity on a global scale.
Besides using Kendall's tau correlation as the complementarity metric, this research is based on a pair of indicators (a: solar share, and b: sizing coefficient) derived from a concept of sizing of stand-alone solar-wind hybrid generation to minimize fluctuations of energy production, consequently reducing the required energy storage capacity.
Among the primary findings of this paper, we can mention that Kendall's Tau ranges between –0.75 and 0.75, are in line with previous research for specific regions, and might work for a theoretical limit in applied research benefiting from solar-wind complementarity.
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