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Figure 1 shows the structure of a wind-solar-hydro-thermal-storage multi-source complementary power system, which is composed of conventional units (thermal power units, hydropower units, etc.), new energy units (photovoltaic power plants, wind farms, etc.), energy storage systems, and loads.
The dynamic operation of the system satisfies the energy conservation constraint, that is, the difference between the wind-solar complementary output power generation and the grid-connected power is adjusted by the hybrid energy storage module, which can be expressed as Eq. 26: (2) Equipment operation constraints.
Wind-solar-hydro complementary potential shows great temporal and spatial variation. Renewable complementarity can improve China's future power system stability. In the context of carbon neutrality, renewable energy, especially wind power, solar PV and hydropower, will become the most important power sources in the future low-carbon power system.
The system's operational process is illustrated in Figure 1. The key equipment of this system includes wind turbines, photovoltaic generators, alkaline electrolyzers, pressure hydrogen storage equipment, battery equipment, and fuel cells. FIGURE 1. Wind-solar hydrogen coupling multi-energy complementary system.
In their assessment of solar-wind complementarity in continental China, and using the Pearson correlation coefficient, Ren et al. found similar results to ours regarding the spatial distribution of synergy between these two VRES on a daily scale.
A further problem reducing the spatial coverage of studies, is a lack of uniform method applied in available studies. Therefore, this work contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing a first spatially comprehensive analysis of solar and wind energy complementarity on a global scale.
Besides using Kendall's tau correlation as the complementarity metric, this research is based on a pair of indicators (a: solar share, and b: sizing coefficient) derived from a concept of sizing of stand-alone solar-wind hybrid generation to minimize fluctuations of energy production, consequently reducing the required energy storage capacity.
Among the primary findings of this paper, we can mention that Kendall's Tau ranges between –0.75 and 0.75, are in line with previous research for specific regions, and might work for a theoretical limit in applied research benefiting from solar-wind complementarity.
Moraine Solar Energy Center, LLC has received a Permit for a Major Renewable Energy Facility pursuant to Section 94-c of the New York State Executive Law for construction of a 94 megawatt (MW) Solar Electric Generating Facility located in the Town of Burns, Allegany County.
ConnectGen Chautauqua County, LLC has received a Permit for a Major Renewable Energy Facility pursuant to Section 94-c of the New York State Executive Law for construction of a 270 megawatt (MW) Solar Electric Generating Facility, including a potential 20 megawatt (MW) energy storage facility, located in the Town of Ripley, Chautauqua County.
Tracy Solar Energy Center, LLC has received a Permit for a Major Renewable Energy Facility pursuant to Section 94-c of the New York State Executive Law for construction of a 119 megawatt (MW) Solar Electric Generating Facility located in the Towns of Orleans and Clayton, Jefferson County.
Greens Corners Solar, LLC has received a Permit for a Major Renewable Energy Facility pursuant to Section 94-c of the New York State Executive Law for construction of a 120 megawatt (MW) Solar Electric Generating Facility located in the Towns of Hounsfield and Watertown, Jefferson County.
Data from transmission system operator MAVIR shows that solar energy production in Hungary reached a new peak on June 13, producing enough energy to serve the country's domestic electricity requirements entirely from renewables. Hungary has deployed almost 8 GW of solar capacity, according to the country's deputy minister of energy, Gàbor Czepek.
Another renewable source utilized in large amounts in Hungary is biomass. The NECP proposes a significant increase in solar PV capacity but no increase in wind power capacity. Wind power capacity expansion has been blocked by the government for more than ten years, a ban that is without reasonable geographic or economic reasoning [ 8, 9 ].
Wind and solar resources should receive more attention in the planning of the Hungarian energy transition. However, the expansion of these vRES needs to happen simultaneously with the restructuring of the whole system [ 27 ].
The input data to the model is derived mainly from national energy balance and other freely available databases which makes the approach easy to adapt and replicate. The following conclusions and recommendations are relevant to the Hungarian energy system.
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